Terra's Big Neighbor

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Question: Does the planet have to have an Earthlike climate throughout? Or just in parts of it?If the latter, how about a planet with two polar continents (covering the poles, extending to 50-70 degrees north and south), with an unbroken equatorial ocean. Planet about 2-3 earth mass, and at Venus' distance from the Sun. Planet has Earthlike atmosphere composition, thinner atmosphere creating more temp. variation, about 0.75 atm, avg. temp. 80-90 celsius at equator, 5-40 celsius on coasts of polar continents depending on latitude, interior of polar continents variable but often below freezing. There is a mountain range circling the south pole around 75 degrees south.
The oceans at the equator regularly evaporate, giving the Equator heavy cloud cover reflecting sunlight, and almost permanent rain, and these clouds and muggy air travel toward the poles and deposit their load in cooler areas.
Thus this planet features: Many Earthlike climates on the coasts of the continents, varying based on latitude and local topography, at the south pole little water gets through giving either an ice cap or Scandinavian climate, not sure which, and at any islands on the equator there will be very exotic forms of life. Perhaps To'ul'hian tweaks even. So a combination of Earthlike and alien climates.
Disclaimer: I am not a scientist, and this model could be entirely wrong. Just giving some ideas for you to work with if wanted.